The level of poverty in Russia

The proportion of citizens living below the poverty line in eleven regions of the state in 2019 exceeded 20%, Usually in Russia, it was above 12%, With Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district, the figure was a minimum of 5, 6%, and in Tuva was a maximum of about 35% show the totals of the research work RIA Novosti*.

The global crisis caused by a coronavirus, he said, and, As experts believe, will affect the standard of living of large numbers of people. For example, in Russia about 1, 5 million people lost their jobs because of the pandemic, and Even more income declined, so, in a significant number of households material resources will be less. The state has significantly expanded the monetary support of the residents, most families with children, for this reason, the negative effects of the economy have the opportunity to be fully compensated measures from country to country.

The loss of funds coming negative only reflects on the poor, because even a small decrease in earnings, forcing them to abandon the base spending. In addition, citizens with smaller incomes are extremely limited opportunities For making savings, and, consequently, they have no savings for a " rainy day ".

in this regard, As specialists, it is important to understand how poverty Russia came to the current situation. In 2019 in poverty (income below the subsistence minimum) lived 12, 3% of citizens of Russia, or almost 18 million people, which is less than 2018 (12, 9%). For comparison, the smallest Share of the poor in modern Russian history was recorded in 2012, when it reached 10, 8%, or fifteen, 5 million people, and if you compare with the situation in 2000, the number of poor people in Russia decreased in 2, 3 times.

The numbers almost always indicate significant differentiation in the regional context. According to the information statistics, the difference in average and median per capita of funds coming from the "wealthy" and "poor" areas is about three - 4 times. Thus, the problem of material security and poverty in different regions is felt very differently.

To identify regional disparities experts Last news has prepared a chart of areas on the income of residents. In the main index, which ranked the regions of Russia, is the ratio of the median per capita monthly parish funds of residents of the region (the median - the level At which exactly fifty percent of the residents have incomes above it and 50% below) to the cost of a fixed set of items and services in each region of the Russian Federation in 2019, which takes into account the different scale of prices in different regions.

Additional indicators are the Proportion of residents below the poverty line (income below regional subsistence level) and the Proportion of the population below extreme poverty (incomes below half of the regional subsistence minimum). The median income of residents, which are used in the calculations are the evaluation of the Last news on the basis of Rosstat data.

The average level of the ratio of the median of parish funds and the cost of a fixed set of items and services amounted to 1, 65. 65 fields value it is lower than the national average, and 20 in the regions above the national average.

The highest average income in relation to the cost of a fixed set of items and services observed in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district. This region is the only one where the Median income is more than 3 times higher than the cost of a fixed set. So, by Russian standards in the region citizens have the opportunity to count on a very good level of material well-being, and in comparison with developed countries it Can be called a decent result.

Second place in the chart takes Another Northern oil and gas region - Nenets Autonomous Okrug. He's Not far behind the leader, then the ratio of funds coming to the cost of a fixed set of objects and services located at 2, 92. In General, these two regions occupy the first places with a large enough margin.

Moscow, located on 3-m a place, lagging behind the leader for the analyzed figure is almost 30%. Then, too, with a noticeable gap from the first three, the fourth and the fifth position is taken by Chukotka (2, 27) and Magadan oblast (2, 26).

In addition to these areas in the 1st top ten also includes Sakhalin (the ratio at level 2, 22), Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra (2, 17), Moscow oblast (2, 08), St. Petersburg (2 05) and Tatarstan (1, 97). For comparison, the 20-th region in the chart (Kursk oblast) the ratio of the median of parish funds and the fixed set is located at 1, 65, and 50 (Vologda region) - 1, 45.

the areas of the bottom of the table indicators of the relationship of the median of parish funds and the cost of a fixed set of items and services are at in relation to the low level. The Tyva Republic, which is ranked 85th in the charts, It represents only 0, 97. Still have 4 areas of the parameter is within the range of 1, 0, 1, 1, and in fifteen areas of the state It does Not exceed 1, 3.

According to the study, 17 subjects of the Russian Federation, the Share of poor residents (income below the subsistence minimum) is Not more than 10%. For comparison, the year before similar areas were fifteen. The majority of the regions with high incomes.

Pay attention to the number of regions, where the poverty level is very low, despite very high average income in these regions is likely to well-developed social policy, equalizing the material status of the population.

For example, the region can boast that income is the tenth, and the share of poor shows, the fourth result. A similar situation in Saint-Petersburg, Belgorod, Leningrad regions and Even a number of areas. We can say that in these regions the distribution of parish funds in respect of uniform, which is beneficial to the poverty rate.

there are also examples of the opposite, when the area of high Median income, but exactly quite a marked level of poverty. For example, Yakutia is included in the amount of fifteen regions leading to the median income for a fixed set of objects and services, that Is, in the General population Can be attributed to the wealthy, but the poverty rate here one of highest in the country - 17, 9%.

A similar situation in Komi - 22-e a place at the income and the share of the poor fifteen, 5%. In the Kamchatka region, the ratio of the median of parish funds to a fixed set equal to 1, 63 (21-th place in Russia), and the Share of poor is 15%.

As shown by research, in 2 regions the Proportion of poor exceeds 30%, and the level of poverty of 15% and above show 29 areas. The highest poverty level is registered in the Republic of Tyva (34, 6%), which is almost 3 times more than the national average.

The number of people living below the poverty line, the reality of experience Not only some need of money and literally oppose the financial plan for survival. In General, Russia 1, 9% of residents have incomes No more than half of the subsistence minimum (in 2018, the figure was 2, 1%), which Can be called extreme poverty, or even in part of the cases, poverty.

Extreme poverty, Like other indicators, is quite unevenly distributed on the territory of the Russian Federation. In nine regions No more than one percent of people have incomes No more than half of the subsistence minimum. We can say that this Proportion of extremely poor residents close to the level of statistical error. In General, half of the areas extreme poverty is less than 1, 6%, that Is, this issue is quite rare and can be resolved at the level of individuals.

Not all regions have the opportunity to boast a low poverty rate. The maximum percentage of people below the extreme poverty observed in Tuva, which is Not surprising, taking into account other indicators. About 6, 6% of the population of this Republic are in an extremely precarious financial position. Significantly better situation in Ingushetia, where the extreme poverty line is 4, 8% of the population. Even slightly below This figure (4, 2%) in the Altai Republic. In the end, it is Possible to speak about the acute problem of poverty in these three regions.

in nine other regions, the Proportion of extremely poor residents located in the range of 3% to 3. 5%, and in five subjects of Federation - from 2, 5% to 3%. In these regions the problem of poverty also is critical and requires a comprehensive approach To overcome it.

Experts underline that the problem of funds coming residents, on the one hand, is inextricably linked with the growth of the economy, and reverse social policies. On the decrease, and, accordingly, a marked deterioration in business activity to wait for a quick resolution of the issue of poverty is Not worth it.

The current economic woes are temporary, but even when growth will begin again the economic indicators and salaries, To fight against poverty ought to take additional measures of social support and stimulation, warn experts. After all, There are examples of country-level and individual areas when scarce resources are distributed evenly, which gives the opportunity to defeat poverty As a social problem.

experts Last news expect the level of funds coming citizens of Russia can once again demonstrate growth in 2021, but to reduce the poverty rate below the record low level in 2012, most likely in the short term will Not work.

*The rating is compiled by order of the Agency Last news experts RIA chart.



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sections: Politics