The International Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA) has recently submitted its recommendations to U.S. Trade Representative Rob Portman in the annual "Special 301" review of copyright piracy and related market access problems around the world. IIPA`s submission discusses copyright protection and enforcement problems in 68 countries/territories, of which it recommends that 46 be placed on an appropriate USTR list. IIPA also identifies piracy and market access problems in an additional 22 countries but is not recommending that these countries be placed on a formal list.   IIPA recommends that USTR designate Russia as a Priority Foreign Country in 2006 and that Russia`s eligibility for GSP benefits be immediately suspended. Russia`s copyright piracy problem remains one of the world`s most serious. Piracy rates for most sectors are estimated at around 70%-80% in 2005 and losses continue to be staggering. Repeated efforts by industry and the U.S. government over many years to convince the Russian government to provide meaningful and deterrent enforcement of its copyright and other laws against optical disc (OD) factories and other types of piracy-including some of the world’s most open and notorious websites selling unauthorized materials, such as www.allofmp3.com, have yielded little progress in reducing these high piracy levels. Not only is piracy in the domestic market out of control, but pirate exports continue to flood markets across Eastern and Western Europe.